Ethnochemistry of maguindanaons’ on the usage of household chemicals: Implications to chemistry education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2017.6.2S.8.26Keywords:
ethnochemistry, chemistry education, culture-based lessons, household chemicals, MaguindanaonsAbstract
Integrating ethnochemistry into the curriculum may provide students meaningful learning in addition to preservation and appreciation towards the quality of their cultural heritage. Hence, the study aimed to document the indigenous usage of household chemicals of Maguindanaons through ethnography research using purposive and snowball sampling in the selected municipalities of Maguindanao Province. Interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and observation were employed for data collection in the five (5)-month community immersion. The data were then thematically analysed. As revealed, they had utilized substitutes for paints, floor polishers, mosquito repellents, bath and laundry soaps, toothpastes, perfumes, shampoo and other cosmetics. Furthermore, the study found out that their indigenous usage of household chemicals conforms to standard chemical bases. Accordingly, the output of the study may serve as groundwork to develop culture-based lessons in high school Chemistry in the said locale.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
[1] Mangasakan, M. (2007). The Status of Teaching High School Chemistry in Cotabato City Division.Unpublished Thesis.Notre Dame University, Cotabato City.
[2]NSO(2008).Retrievedfromhttps://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/aodao/article/Table%202.%20Basic%20Literacy%20Rate%20of%20Population%2010%20Years%20Old%20and%20Over%20and%20Population%2015%20to%2024%20Years%20Old%2C%20by%20Sex%2C%20and%20Region%2C%20Philippines%202008_0.pdf
[3] SEAMEO INNOTECH (2007). Retrieved from http://www.seameo-innotech.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Policy-Research-on-Access-to-Quality-Basic-Education-for-Muslim-Learners.pdf on February 10, 2016.
[4] Shizha, E. (2005). Indigenous Knowledge and Languages in the Teaching and Learning of Science: A Focus on a Rural Primary School in Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://adsabs.harvard.edu on December 6, 2014.
[5] Education for All 2015 National Review Report: Philippines. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002303/230331e.pdf on March 20, 2016.
[6] USAID (2007). Policy Research on Access to Quality Basic Education For Muslim Learners.Retrievedfromhttp://www.iyfnet.org/sites/default/files/Quality_BasicEd_4_Muslims.pdf on Novermber 10, 2015.
[7] Singh, I. and Chibuye, B. (2016). Effect of Ethnochemistry Practices on Secondary School Students’ Attitude Towards Chemistry. Journal of Education and Practice.Retrieved from http://www.iiste.org on December 26, 2016.
[8] Onwuegbuzie, et. al. (2012).The Qualitative Report.Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR17/onwuegbuzie.pdf on July 17, 2014.
[9] Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.Qualitative Research in Psychology.Retrieved from http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/11735 on February 5, 2016.
[10]Al-Dawah, N., et al. (2014). Comparative of Phytochemical and Antimicrobial of Sesbaniagrandiflora Leaves Extract. Medical Journal of Babylon.vol.11 no.3.Retrieved from http://www.medicaljb.com/library/paper/11_3_894.pdf on December 4, 2016.
[11] Yuswantina, R., et al. The Effectiveness of the Formulation of Hand Antiseptic Gel of Extract of Turi (Sesbaniagrandiflora) Leaves. Retrieved from http://perpusnwu.web.id/karyailmiah/documents/3917.pdf on December 5, 2016.
[12] Padmalochana, K. and Rajan, M. (2014). Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous, Ethanol and Acetone Extracts of Sesbaniagrandiflora Leaves and its Phytochemical Characterization. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research.Retrieved from http://www.ijpsr.info/docs/IJPSR14-05-12-035.pdf on December 4, 2016.
[13] Moghimipour, E. and Handali, S. Saponin: Properties, Methods of Evaluation and Applications. Annual Research and Review in Biology. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/openview/a27b838df6820166561b9362ac0f6590/1?pq-origsite=gscholar on December 5, 2016.
[14] Ikpeme, C., et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Nutritional, Phytochemical and Microbial Quality of Three Pepper Varieties. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences.Retrieved from http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140203.15.pdf on December 7, 2016.
[15] Soumya, S. and Nair, B. (2012). Antifungal Efficacy of Capsicum frutescens ExtractsAgainst Some Prevalent Fungal Strains Associated with Groundnut Storage. Journal of Agricultural Technology.Retrieved from http://www.ijat-aatsea.com/pdf/v8_n2_12_March/29_IJAT%202012_8_2__S.L.pdf on December 5, 2016.
[16] Baskara, C. et al. (2012). The Efficacy of Carica papaya Leaf Extract on some Bacterial and Fungal Strain by Well Diffusion Method.Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.Retrieved from http://www.apjtcm.com/zz/2012s2/22.pdf on December 6, 2016.
[17] Suresh, K., et al. (2008). Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Investigation of the Leaves of Carica papaya, Cynodondactylon, Euphorbia hirta, Meliaazedarach, and Psidiumguajava.Ethnobotanical Leaflets.Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d3b8/1025ca493972d0cccf370f5ca4f5187c5c45.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[18] Sherwani, S., et al. (2013). Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Activity of Carica papaya Leaf Extract against Human and Plant Pathogenic Fungi.International Research Journal of Pharmacy.Retrieved from http://www.irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/1897_pdf.pdf on December 7, 2016.
[19] Marshall, E., et al. (2015). Antimicrobial Screening and Phytochemical Analysis of Carica papaya Leaf Extracts. Standard Research Journal of Microbiological Sciences.Retrieved from http://standardresearchjournals.org/journals/SRJMS/pdf/2015/march/Marshall%20et%20al.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[20]Maregesi, S., et al. (2014). Documentation and Phytochemical Screening of Traditional Beauty Products Used in Missenyi District of Tanzania. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications.Retrieved from http://file.scirp.org/Html/9-1050270_52246.htm on December 8, 2016.
[21]Asaolu, M. et al. (2010). Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antioxidants of Four Botanicals with Antihypertensive Properties.International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences.Retrieved from http://ijpbs.net/issue-2/112.pdf on December 7, 2016.
[22] Sani, I., et. al. (2014).Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties, Phytochemicals and Mineral Composition of Cocosnucifera Kernel Oil.International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science.Retrieved from https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijarcs/v1-i8/4.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[23]Obidoa, O., et al. (2010). Phytochemical Analysis of Cocosnucifera.Journal of Pharmacy Research. Retrieved from
[24]Odenigbo, U. and Otisi, C. (2011). Fatty Acids and Phytochemical Contents of Different coconut Seed Flesh in Nigeria. International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380037061_Odenigbo%2520and%2520%2520Otisi.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[25] da Fonseca, A., et al. (2014). Fatty Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Coconut Oils (Cocosnucifera).Journal of Medicinal Plant Research.Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-full-text-pdf/72F27EE47406 on December 8, 2016.
[26] Fife, B. (2000). The Healing Miracles of Coconut Oil. Piccadilly Books Ltd., Healthwise Publications, Colorado Springs, Co. pp 1-46.
[27] Raj, G., et al. (2010). Coconut Oil: Chemistry, Production and its Applications- A Review. Indian Coconut Journal.Retrieved from http://www.coconutboard.in/docs/English-Article-Gopalakrishna-CFTRI.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[28] Sahayaraj, K. and Ravi, C. (2008). Preliminary Phytochemistry of Ipomoea carnea and Vitexnegundo Leaves. International Journal of Chemical Science.Retrieved from http://www.sadgurupublications.com/ContentPaper/2008/1_6(1)2008.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[29]Chandira, M and Jayakar, B. (2010). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Tablets Containign Ipomoea digitata Extract. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research.Retrieved from http://www.globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/volume3issue1/Article%20022.pdf on December 9, 2016.
[30]Mungole, A., et al. (2010). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Ipomoea obscura- A Hepatoprotective Medicinal Plant.International Journal of PharmTech Research.Retrieved from http://sphinxsai.com/Oct_dec_2010_vol2_no.4/PharmTech_vol2_no.4_1_pdf/PT=28%20(2307-2312).pdf on December 9, 2016.
[31]Ganjir, M., et al. (2013). Phytochemical Analysis, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Ipomoea pescaprae and Merremia umbellate.International Journal of Scientific and technology Research. Retrieved from http://www.ijstr.org/final-print/may2013/Phytochemical-Analysis-Cytotoxic-And-Antioxidant-Potential-Of-Ipomoea-Pes-Capraelr.br-And-Merremia-Umbellatal.h.-Hallier..pdfon December 9, 2016.
[32] Arora, S., et al. (2013). Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extracts of Leaves and Flowers of Ipomoea cairica.International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol5Issue1/6163.pdf on December 9, 2016.
[33] Kumar, B., et al. (2016). Phytochemical and In-vitro Pharmacological Evaluation of Ipomoea sepiaria Against Selected Pathogenic Microorganisms.European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research.Retrieved from http://www.ejpmr.com/admin/assets/article_issue/1454131020.pdf on December 9, 2016.
[34]Chanthaphon, S., et. al. (2008). Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils and Crude Extracts from Tropical Citrus spp. Against Food-Related Microorganisms. Retrieved from http://rdo.psu.ac.th/sjstweb/journal/30-Suppl-1/0125-3395-30-S1-125-131.pdf on December 9, 2016.
[35]Colecio-Juarez, M., et al. (2012). Characterization of Volatile Compounds in the Essential Oil of Sweet Lime.Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research.Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/central/docview/1291056837/fulltextPDF/B2792E5632524E43PQ/17?accountid=141440 on December 9, 2016.
[36] Mohammed, A., et. al. (2013).Minerals Content, Essential Oils Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Citrus jambhiri from the Sudan.International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy.Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/openview/1f54c5238ce820d5b7b06c24f47d673e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar on December 9, 2016.
[37] Peters, D. (1994). Terpene Cleaning Compositions and Methods of Using the Same.United States Patent.Retrieved from https://www.google.com/patents/US5277836 on December 10, 2016.
[38] Hansen, K., et al. (1995). Dusting and Cleaning Composition.United States Patent.Retrieved from https://www.google.com/patents/US5399282 on December 10, 2016.
[39]Lu, R., et al. (2000). Blooming Type Disinfecting Cleaning Compositions.United States Patent.Retrieved from https://www.google.com/patents/US6066606 on December 10, 2016.
[40]Hasanuzzaman, et al. (2013). Evaluation of Total Phenolic Content, Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Different Extracts of Averrhoabilimbi.International Current Pharmaceutical Journal.Retrieved from http://www.banglajol.info/bd/index.php/ICPJ/article/view/14058 on December 10, 2106.
[41]Kumar, K., et al. (2013). A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Assay of Averrhoabilimbi.International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research. Retrieved from http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/32404717/KSK-A.bilimbi.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1481643596&Signature=90qH1u99l3i93Ci%2FCUFa%2B5Zq0u0%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DA_REVIEW_ON_PHYTOCHEMICAL_CONSTITUENTS_A.pdf on December 10, 2016.
[42] Abraham, C. (2016). A Study on Phytochemical Constituents of Averrhoabilimbi.Indian Journal of Applied Research.Retrieved from http://www.worldwidejournals.in/ojs/index.php/ijar/article/view/10299 on December 12, 2016.
[43]Hasim, N. (2014). Study on Bioactive Compound DegradationfromBelimbingBuluh. Undergraduate Thesis.Universiti Malaysia Pahang.Retrieved from http://umpir.ump.edu.my/9138/1/cd8673.pdf on December 10, 2016.
[44]Dangat, B., et. al. (2014).Mineral Analysis of Averrhoabilimbi- A Potential Fruit.Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research.Retrieved from http://www.innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/1242 on December 11, 2016.
[45] Sainath, M., et al. (2016). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lipstick.International Journal of Advanced Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.ijarmps.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/4.Formulation-And-Evaluation-of-Herbal-Lipstic.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[46]Chengaiah, B., et al. (2010). Medicinal Importance of Natural Dyes- A Review.International Journal of PharmTech Research.Retrieved from http://sphinxsai.com/sphinxsaivol_2no.1/pharmtech_vol_2no.1/PharmTech_Vol_2No.1PDF/PT=24%20(144-154).pdf on December 15, 2016.
[47] Yanagida, T. (2003). Properties of Wax Extracted from Banana Leaves. ASABE Journal. Retrieved from https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=14121&t=2&redir=&redirType= on December 7, 2016.
[48] Dubois, S. (2013). The Use of Salt Water for Washing the Mouth.Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/547267-the-use-of-salt-water-for-washing-the-mouth/ on December 14, 2016.
[49]Paridhi, B., et al. (2015). An Invitro Study of Determination of Anti-bacterial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory Potential of Piper betel Essential Oil.Retrieved from http://www.ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/1525_pdf.on December 20, 2016.
[50]Bajpai, V., et al. (2010). Profiling of Piper betle Cultivars by Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometric Techniques.Biomedical Chromatography.Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bmc.1437/pdf on December 20, 2016.
[51]Datta, A., et al. (2011). Antimicrobial Property of Piper betel Leaf against Clinical Isolates of Bacteria.International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research.Retrieved from http://www.ijpsr.info/docs/IJPSR11-02-03-05.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[52]Akter, K., et al. (2013). Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anthelmintic Activities with Total Phenolic Contents of Piper betel Leaves. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine.Retrieved from http://ajp.mums.ac.ir/pdf_2777_0d0d9a7c2b8b7bd216ecdb13c2890c40.html on December 20, 2016.
[53]IARC (2004). Betel-quid and Areca-nut Chewing and Some Areca-nut-derived Nitrosamines.Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK316567/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK316567.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[54]Patil, P., et al. (2009). Pharmacological Activities of Areca catechu- A Review.Journal of Pharmacy Research.Retrieved from http://jprsolutions.info/files/final-file-56948d3c4ccdb9.87549482.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[55]Quisumbing, E. (1978). Medicinal Plants of the Philippines.Katha Publishing House. Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.
[56]Rawat, A. and Mali, R. (2013). Phytochemical Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Nicotianatabacum: A Review. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research.Retrieved from http://ijpbr.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/12-RR-mali.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[57]Sazwi, N., et al. (2013). Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Activities of Piper betle, Areca catechu, Uncariagambir and Betel quid with and without Calcium Hydroxide.BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Retrieved from http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/550/art%253A10.1186%252F1472-6882-13-351.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fbmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com%2Farticle%2F10.1186%2F1472-6882-13-351&token2=exp=1481756567~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F550%2Fart%25253A10.1186%25252F1472-6882-13-351.pdf*~hmac=9c965369bcd77c9e4605e7b4d8e4106f770792e08058973f02f8e7fee35c4d2d on December 20, 2016.
[58] Oliveira, J., et al. (2009). Phytochemical Screening and Anticonvulsant Property of Ocimumbasilicum Leaf Essential Oil.BoletinLatinoamericano y del Caribe de PlantasMedicinales y Aromaticas.Retrieved from http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/856/85611774006.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[59] Abduelrahman, A., et al. (2009). Morphological Variability and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Nineteen Varieties of Basil Growing in Basil.International Journal of Technology.Retrieved from http://scialert.net/qredirect.php?doi=ijct.2009.1.10&linkid=pdf on December 15, 2016.
[60]Imeri, A., et al. (2014). Essential Oil Composition in Three Cultivars of Ocimum in Albania.Arch. Biol. Sci. Retrieved from http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-4664/2014/0354-46641404641I.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[61] Kaul, VK., et al. (1995). Volatiles of the Absolute of Cestrum nocturnum.Journal of Essential Oil Research.Retrieved from https://eurekamag.com/pdf.php?pdf=002730870 on December 15, 2016.
[62] Saraswati, J., et al. (2016). Analytical Techniques for Phytochemicals Screening and Bioactivities of Some Coleus Species: A Review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research.Retrieved from http://www.jpsr.pharmainfo.in/Documents/Volumes/vol8Issue04/jpsr08041611.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[63] Punjee, P., et al. (2009). Scented Extracts and Essential Oil Extraction from Micheliaalba. Journal of Natural Science.Retrieved from http://www.thaiscience.info/Article%20for%20ThaiScience/Article/62/10034075.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[64]Lourith, N., et al. (2013). Aroma Profiles and Preferences of Jasminumsambac Flowers Grown in Thailand.Journal of Cosmetics Science.Retrieved from http://journal.scconline.org/pdf/cc2013/cc064n06/p00483-p00494.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[65] Sabharwal, S., et al. (2013). Jasminumsambac: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Bio-Science.Retrieved from http://www.ijprbs.com/issuedocs/2013/10/IJPRBS%20430.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[66]Choudhary, M., et al. (2014). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity of Genus Plumeria: An Updated Review. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research.Retrieved from http://ssjournals.com.md-in-1.webhostbox.net/index.php/ijbar/article/view/512 on December 16, 2016.
[67]Farooque, A., et al. (2012). A Review on Plumeriaacuminata.International Journal of Research Pharmacy and Chemistry.Retrieved from http://www.ijrpc.com/files/31-264.pdf on December 16, 2016.
[68] Tan, L., et al. (2015). Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities of Canangaodorata. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534619/pdf/ECAM2015-896314.pdf on December 16, 2016.
[69] Koba, K., et al. (2009). Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Chenopodiumambrosioides Essential Oil from Togo.Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. Retrieved from http://www.banglajol.info/bd/index.php/BJSIR/article/view/4594/3704 on December 16, 2016.
[70] Rao, V, et al. (2009). Comparison of Essential Oil Components in Rhizome and Invitro Regenerated Whole Plants of Kaempferia galangal.Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/256385545 on December 18, 2016.
[71] Oyi, A., et al. Formulation and Antimicrobial Studies of Coconut Oil. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology.Retrieved from http://lovewildorganics.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Coconut-Oil.pdf on December 6, 2016.
[72] Mabeku, L., et al. (2011). Screening of Some Plants Used in Cameroonian Folk Medicine for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases.International Journal of Biology.Retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijb/article/viewFile/10453/8690 on December 19, 2016.
[73]Adeniyi, S., et al. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Insecticidal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Four Tropical Plants against Beans Weevil. International Journal of the Physical Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/IJPS/article-full-text-pdf/CA0348A26825 on December 18, 2016.
[74]Narendhirakannan, R. and Limmy, T. (2010). Invitro Antioxidant Studies on Ethanolic Extracts of Leaf, Stem, and Roots of Sidarhombifolia. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.ijpbs.net/issue-2/192.pdf on December 19, 2016.
[75]Logeswari, P., et al. (2013). In-vivo Anti-inflammatory effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Sidarhombifolia Root.IJPSR.Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/central/docview/1366362189/fulltextPDF/FF921A8B5BC64F05PQ/1?accountid=141440 on December 19, 2016.
[76]Woldeyes, S., et al. (2012). Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Compounds Isolated from Sidarhombifolia.Natural Products Chemistry and Research.Retrieved from http://www.esciencecentral.org/journals/evaluation-of-antibacterial-activities-of-compounds-isolated-from-sida-rhombifolia-linn-malvaceae-2329-6836.1000101.php?aid=11304 on December 18, 2016.
[77]Karou, D., et al. (2005). Antibacterial Activity of Alkaloids from Sidaacuta.African Journal of Biotechnology. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/central/docview/1657301297/fulltextPDF/774B3CAB392F472BPQ/7?accountid=141440 on December 8, 2016.
[78]Umadevi, M., et al. (2012). Rice-Traditional Medicinal Plant in India.Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.Retrieved from http://www.phytojournal.com/vol1Issue1/Issue_may_2012/1.2.pdf on December 19, 2016.
[79]Koeler, P. and Wieser, H. (2013). Chemistry of Cereal Grains.Handbook on Sourdough Biotechnology.Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/978-1-4614-5424-3 on December 18, 2016.
[80]Lati, E. (1995). New Research and development in Moisture retention Mechanism and Moisturizing Agents.Fragrance Journal.Vol. 23 no. 81.
[81]Ferulic Acid. Oryza Oil and Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. Retrieved from http://www.oryza.co.jp/html/english/pdf/Ferulic_acid_1.1M.pdf on December 18, 2016.
[82] Vesper, H. et al. (1999). Sphingolipids in Food and the Emerging Importance of Sphingolipids to Nutrition.Journal of Nutrition.Vol 129. Pp 1239-1250.
[83]Imokawa, G. (1995). Structures and Functions of Stratum Corneum Lipids in the Skin.Journal of Japan Oil Chemistry Society.Vol 44 no. 10.
[84] Motta, S., et al. (1993) Ceramide Composition of the Psoratic Scale. BichemicaetBiophysicaActa.
[85]ul-Haq, A. and ur-Rehman, S. (2004). Chicken Eggs A Diverse Food. World Food Day Proceedings.Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/297714605 on December 19, 2016.
[86] Tewtrakul, S., et al. (2005). Chemical Components and Biological Activities of Volatile Oil of Kaempferia galangal.Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology.Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/26470656 on December 8, 2016.
[87]Talib, W. (2010).Anticancer and Antimicrobial of Plant-Derived Natural Products.Phytochemicals-Bioactivities and Impact on Health.Retrieved from http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/25497.pdf on December 16, 2016.
[88]Deharo, E. and Ginsburg, H. (2011). Analysis of Additivity and Synergism in the Anti-plasmodial Effect of Purified Compounds from Plant Extracts.Malaria Journal.Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/central/docview/902240237/C647DB2B10824110PQ/17?accountid=141440 on December 10, 2016.
[89] Jantan, I., et al. (1996). Chemical Composition of Some Citrus Oils from Malaysia.Journal of Essential Oil Research.Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1996.9701030 on December 20, 2016.
[90] Ghafar, M. et al. (2010). Flavonoid, Hesperidine, Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities from Citrus species. African Journal of Biotechnology.Retrieved from http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/77908/68305 on December 20, 2016.
[91] Herman, S. (1998). Shake Before Using. Kosmeticos.Retrieved from http://www.stephen-herman.com/002.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[92]Endlein, E. and Peleikis, K. (2011). Natural Waxes: Properties, Compositions, and Applications. SOFW Journal.Retrieved from https://www.kahlwax.de/fileadmin/downloads/SOFW_Journal_4_2011.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[93] Ghosh, P., et al. (2014). Physicochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Copra and Oil of Cocosnucifera.Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Retrieved from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijfs/2014/310852/ on December 20, 2016.
[94] Musa, A. and Gasmelseed, G. (2012). Characterization of Lawsoniainermis as Vegetable Tanning Material.Journal of Forest Products and Industries.Retrieved from http://researchpub.org/journal/jfpi/number/vol1-no2/vol1-no2-5.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[95] Jones, O. and Selinger, B. (2016). The Chemistry of Cosmetics.Retrieved from http://www.nova.org.au/people-medicine/chemistry-cosmetics on December 20, 2016.
[96] Othman, S., et al. (2016). Essential Oils from the Malaysian Citrus Medicinal Plants.Journal of Medicines.Retrieved from http://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/3/2/13/htm December 20, 2016.
[97] Dassanayake, M. (1985). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon. Amerind Publishing Co., Ltd. New Delhi, India.
[98] Khazaeli, P. and Mehrabani, M. (2008). Screening of Sun Protective Activity of the Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants.Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.Retrieved from http://ijpr.sbmu.ac.ir/article_738_71b3fb4f53cb8afad2d05a01c621f841.pdf on December 10, 2016.
[99]Donglikar, M. and Deore, S. (2016). Sunscreens: A Review. Pharmacognosy Journal.Retrieved from http://www.phcogfirst.com/phcogj on December 21, 2016.
[100]. Gupta, V. (2016).Phytochemcial Analysis and UV Protective Property of Psidiumguajava Leaves Extract.Agricultural Science.Retrieved from http://worldwidejournals.in/ojs/index.php/gjra/article/view/1945 on December 10, 2016.
[101] Estrela, C. and Holland, R. (2003). Calcium Hydroxide :Study Based on Scientific Evidences. Journal of Applied Oral Science.Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/jaos/v11n4/a01v11n4.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[102]Barbalho, S., et al. (2012).PsidiumGuajava (Guava): A Plant of Multipurpose Medicinal Applications. Medicinal and Aroamtic Plants.Retrieved from https://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/psidium-guajava-guava-a-plant-of-multipurpose-medicinal-applications-2167-0412.1000104.php?aid=6652 on December 20, 2016.
[103]Nascimento, G., et al. (2000).Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts and Phytochemicals on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria.Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjm/v31n4/a03v31n4.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[104]Goncalves, F., et al. (2008). Antibacterial Activity of Guava Leaf Extracts on Diarrhea-Causing Enteric Bacteria Isolate from Seabob Shrimp. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rimtsp/v50n1/a03v50n1.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[105] Vijayameena, C., et al. (2013).Phytochemical Screening and Assessment of Antibacterial Activity for the Bioactive Compounds in Annonamuricata. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Balasubramanian_Ramesh/publication/234076924_Phytochemical_screening_and_assessment_of_antibacterial_activity_for_the_bioactive_compounds_in_Annona_muricata/links/09e4150ede8ee1e2a4000000.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[106] Moghadamtousi, S., et al. (2015).Annonamuricata (Annonaceae): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Isolated Acetogenins and Biological Activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/7/15625 on December 20, 2016.
[107] Mordue, A. and Nisbet, A. (2000).Azadirachtin from the Neem Tree Azadirachtaindica: its Action Against Insects. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil.Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/aseb/v29n4/v29n4a01.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[108] Roy, A. and Saraf, S. (2005). Limonoids: Overview of Significant Bioactive Triterpenes Distributed in Plants Kingdom. Boil. Pharm. Bull. Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/2/29_2_191/_pdf on December 20, 2016.
[109] Hadiyoana, D., et al. (2011).Repellent Activity of Bio-active Agent from ArtocarpuscamansiagainstAe.Aegypti. Retrieved from http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/33002303/Repellent_Activity_of_Bio-active_Agent__from_Artocarpus_camansi_against_Ae._Aegypti.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1482652889&Signature=5994YGDM9nRc4wonJM1AUHktbx8%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DRepellent_Activity_of_Bio-active_Agent_f.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[110]Nishizawa, et. al. (1983). Structure of Lansiosides: Biologically Active New Triterpene Glycosides from LansiumDomesticum. Journal of Organic Chemistry.
[111] Monzon, R., et al. Larvicidal Potential of Five Philippine Plants against Aedesaegypti and Culexquinquefasciatus.Sotheast Asian Journal Trop Med Public Health.Retrieved from http://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/1994-25-4/1994-25-4-755.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[112] Solidum, J. (2012). Potential Nutritional and Medicinal Sources from Fruit Peels in Manila, Philippines. International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics.Retrieved from http://www.ijbbb.org/papers/114-A00017.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[2]NSO(2008).Retrievedfromhttps://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/aodao/article/Table%202.%20Basic%20Literacy%20Rate%20of%20Population%2010%20Years%20Old%20and%20Over%20and%20Population%2015%20to%2024%20Years%20Old%2C%20by%20Sex%2C%20and%20Region%2C%20Philippines%202008_0.pdf
[3] SEAMEO INNOTECH (2007). Retrieved from http://www.seameo-innotech.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Policy-Research-on-Access-to-Quality-Basic-Education-for-Muslim-Learners.pdf on February 10, 2016.
[4] Shizha, E. (2005). Indigenous Knowledge and Languages in the Teaching and Learning of Science: A Focus on a Rural Primary School in Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://adsabs.harvard.edu on December 6, 2014.
[5] Education for All 2015 National Review Report: Philippines. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002303/230331e.pdf on March 20, 2016.
[6] USAID (2007). Policy Research on Access to Quality Basic Education For Muslim Learners.Retrievedfromhttp://www.iyfnet.org/sites/default/files/Quality_BasicEd_4_Muslims.pdf on Novermber 10, 2015.
[7] Singh, I. and Chibuye, B. (2016). Effect of Ethnochemistry Practices on Secondary School Students’ Attitude Towards Chemistry. Journal of Education and Practice.Retrieved from http://www.iiste.org on December 26, 2016.
[8] Onwuegbuzie, et. al. (2012).The Qualitative Report.Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR17/onwuegbuzie.pdf on July 17, 2014.
[9] Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.Qualitative Research in Psychology.Retrieved from http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/11735 on February 5, 2016.
[10]Al-Dawah, N., et al. (2014). Comparative of Phytochemical and Antimicrobial of Sesbaniagrandiflora Leaves Extract. Medical Journal of Babylon.vol.11 no.3.Retrieved from http://www.medicaljb.com/library/paper/11_3_894.pdf on December 4, 2016.
[11] Yuswantina, R., et al. The Effectiveness of the Formulation of Hand Antiseptic Gel of Extract of Turi (Sesbaniagrandiflora) Leaves. Retrieved from http://perpusnwu.web.id/karyailmiah/documents/3917.pdf on December 5, 2016.
[12] Padmalochana, K. and Rajan, M. (2014). Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous, Ethanol and Acetone Extracts of Sesbaniagrandiflora Leaves and its Phytochemical Characterization. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research.Retrieved from http://www.ijpsr.info/docs/IJPSR14-05-12-035.pdf on December 4, 2016.
[13] Moghimipour, E. and Handali, S. Saponin: Properties, Methods of Evaluation and Applications. Annual Research and Review in Biology. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/openview/a27b838df6820166561b9362ac0f6590/1?pq-origsite=gscholar on December 5, 2016.
[14] Ikpeme, C., et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Nutritional, Phytochemical and Microbial Quality of Three Pepper Varieties. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences.Retrieved from http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140203.15.pdf on December 7, 2016.
[15] Soumya, S. and Nair, B. (2012). Antifungal Efficacy of Capsicum frutescens ExtractsAgainst Some Prevalent Fungal Strains Associated with Groundnut Storage. Journal of Agricultural Technology.Retrieved from http://www.ijat-aatsea.com/pdf/v8_n2_12_March/29_IJAT%202012_8_2__S.L.pdf on December 5, 2016.
[16] Baskara, C. et al. (2012). The Efficacy of Carica papaya Leaf Extract on some Bacterial and Fungal Strain by Well Diffusion Method.Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.Retrieved from http://www.apjtcm.com/zz/2012s2/22.pdf on December 6, 2016.
[17] Suresh, K., et al. (2008). Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Investigation of the Leaves of Carica papaya, Cynodondactylon, Euphorbia hirta, Meliaazedarach, and Psidiumguajava.Ethnobotanical Leaflets.Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d3b8/1025ca493972d0cccf370f5ca4f5187c5c45.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[18] Sherwani, S., et al. (2013). Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Activity of Carica papaya Leaf Extract against Human and Plant Pathogenic Fungi.International Research Journal of Pharmacy.Retrieved from http://www.irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/1897_pdf.pdf on December 7, 2016.
[19] Marshall, E., et al. (2015). Antimicrobial Screening and Phytochemical Analysis of Carica papaya Leaf Extracts. Standard Research Journal of Microbiological Sciences.Retrieved from http://standardresearchjournals.org/journals/SRJMS/pdf/2015/march/Marshall%20et%20al.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[20]Maregesi, S., et al. (2014). Documentation and Phytochemical Screening of Traditional Beauty Products Used in Missenyi District of Tanzania. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications.Retrieved from http://file.scirp.org/Html/9-1050270_52246.htm on December 8, 2016.
[21]Asaolu, M. et al. (2010). Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antioxidants of Four Botanicals with Antihypertensive Properties.International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences.Retrieved from http://ijpbs.net/issue-2/112.pdf on December 7, 2016.
[22] Sani, I., et. al. (2014).Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties, Phytochemicals and Mineral Composition of Cocosnucifera Kernel Oil.International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science.Retrieved from https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijarcs/v1-i8/4.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[23]Obidoa, O., et al. (2010). Phytochemical Analysis of Cocosnucifera.Journal of Pharmacy Research. Retrieved from
[24]Odenigbo, U. and Otisi, C. (2011). Fatty Acids and Phytochemical Contents of Different coconut Seed Flesh in Nigeria. International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380037061_Odenigbo%2520and%2520%2520Otisi.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[25] da Fonseca, A., et al. (2014). Fatty Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Coconut Oils (Cocosnucifera).Journal of Medicinal Plant Research.Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-full-text-pdf/72F27EE47406 on December 8, 2016.
[26] Fife, B. (2000). The Healing Miracles of Coconut Oil. Piccadilly Books Ltd., Healthwise Publications, Colorado Springs, Co. pp 1-46.
[27] Raj, G., et al. (2010). Coconut Oil: Chemistry, Production and its Applications- A Review. Indian Coconut Journal.Retrieved from http://www.coconutboard.in/docs/English-Article-Gopalakrishna-CFTRI.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[28] Sahayaraj, K. and Ravi, C. (2008). Preliminary Phytochemistry of Ipomoea carnea and Vitexnegundo Leaves. International Journal of Chemical Science.Retrieved from http://www.sadgurupublications.com/ContentPaper/2008/1_6(1)2008.pdf on December 8, 2016.
[29]Chandira, M and Jayakar, B. (2010). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Tablets Containign Ipomoea digitata Extract. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research.Retrieved from http://www.globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/volume3issue1/Article%20022.pdf on December 9, 2016.
[30]Mungole, A., et al. (2010). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Ipomoea obscura- A Hepatoprotective Medicinal Plant.International Journal of PharmTech Research.Retrieved from http://sphinxsai.com/Oct_dec_2010_vol2_no.4/PharmTech_vol2_no.4_1_pdf/PT=28%20(2307-2312).pdf on December 9, 2016.
[31]Ganjir, M., et al. (2013). Phytochemical Analysis, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Ipomoea pescaprae and Merremia umbellate.International Journal of Scientific and technology Research. Retrieved from http://www.ijstr.org/final-print/may2013/Phytochemical-Analysis-Cytotoxic-And-Antioxidant-Potential-Of-Ipomoea-Pes-Capraelr.br-And-Merremia-Umbellatal.h.-Hallier..pdfon December 9, 2016.
[32] Arora, S., et al. (2013). Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extracts of Leaves and Flowers of Ipomoea cairica.International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol5Issue1/6163.pdf on December 9, 2016.
[33] Kumar, B., et al. (2016). Phytochemical and In-vitro Pharmacological Evaluation of Ipomoea sepiaria Against Selected Pathogenic Microorganisms.European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research.Retrieved from http://www.ejpmr.com/admin/assets/article_issue/1454131020.pdf on December 9, 2016.
[34]Chanthaphon, S., et. al. (2008). Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils and Crude Extracts from Tropical Citrus spp. Against Food-Related Microorganisms. Retrieved from http://rdo.psu.ac.th/sjstweb/journal/30-Suppl-1/0125-3395-30-S1-125-131.pdf on December 9, 2016.
[35]Colecio-Juarez, M., et al. (2012). Characterization of Volatile Compounds in the Essential Oil of Sweet Lime.Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research.Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/central/docview/1291056837/fulltextPDF/B2792E5632524E43PQ/17?accountid=141440 on December 9, 2016.
[36] Mohammed, A., et. al. (2013).Minerals Content, Essential Oils Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Citrus jambhiri from the Sudan.International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy.Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/openview/1f54c5238ce820d5b7b06c24f47d673e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar on December 9, 2016.
[37] Peters, D. (1994). Terpene Cleaning Compositions and Methods of Using the Same.United States Patent.Retrieved from https://www.google.com/patents/US5277836 on December 10, 2016.
[38] Hansen, K., et al. (1995). Dusting and Cleaning Composition.United States Patent.Retrieved from https://www.google.com/patents/US5399282 on December 10, 2016.
[39]Lu, R., et al. (2000). Blooming Type Disinfecting Cleaning Compositions.United States Patent.Retrieved from https://www.google.com/patents/US6066606 on December 10, 2016.
[40]Hasanuzzaman, et al. (2013). Evaluation of Total Phenolic Content, Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Different Extracts of Averrhoabilimbi.International Current Pharmaceutical Journal.Retrieved from http://www.banglajol.info/bd/index.php/ICPJ/article/view/14058 on December 10, 2106.
[41]Kumar, K., et al. (2013). A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Assay of Averrhoabilimbi.International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research. Retrieved from http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/32404717/KSK-A.bilimbi.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1481643596&Signature=90qH1u99l3i93Ci%2FCUFa%2B5Zq0u0%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DA_REVIEW_ON_PHYTOCHEMICAL_CONSTITUENTS_A.pdf on December 10, 2016.
[42] Abraham, C. (2016). A Study on Phytochemical Constituents of Averrhoabilimbi.Indian Journal of Applied Research.Retrieved from http://www.worldwidejournals.in/ojs/index.php/ijar/article/view/10299 on December 12, 2016.
[43]Hasim, N. (2014). Study on Bioactive Compound DegradationfromBelimbingBuluh. Undergraduate Thesis.Universiti Malaysia Pahang.Retrieved from http://umpir.ump.edu.my/9138/1/cd8673.pdf on December 10, 2016.
[44]Dangat, B., et. al. (2014).Mineral Analysis of Averrhoabilimbi- A Potential Fruit.Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research.Retrieved from http://www.innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/1242 on December 11, 2016.
[45] Sainath, M., et al. (2016). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lipstick.International Journal of Advanced Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.ijarmps.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/4.Formulation-And-Evaluation-of-Herbal-Lipstic.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[46]Chengaiah, B., et al. (2010). Medicinal Importance of Natural Dyes- A Review.International Journal of PharmTech Research.Retrieved from http://sphinxsai.com/sphinxsaivol_2no.1/pharmtech_vol_2no.1/PharmTech_Vol_2No.1PDF/PT=24%20(144-154).pdf on December 15, 2016.
[47] Yanagida, T. (2003). Properties of Wax Extracted from Banana Leaves. ASABE Journal. Retrieved from https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=14121&t=2&redir=&redirType= on December 7, 2016.
[48] Dubois, S. (2013). The Use of Salt Water for Washing the Mouth.Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/547267-the-use-of-salt-water-for-washing-the-mouth/ on December 14, 2016.
[49]Paridhi, B., et al. (2015). An Invitro Study of Determination of Anti-bacterial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory Potential of Piper betel Essential Oil.Retrieved from http://www.ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/1525_pdf.on December 20, 2016.
[50]Bajpai, V., et al. (2010). Profiling of Piper betle Cultivars by Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometric Techniques.Biomedical Chromatography.Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bmc.1437/pdf on December 20, 2016.
[51]Datta, A., et al. (2011). Antimicrobial Property of Piper betel Leaf against Clinical Isolates of Bacteria.International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research.Retrieved from http://www.ijpsr.info/docs/IJPSR11-02-03-05.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[52]Akter, K., et al. (2013). Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anthelmintic Activities with Total Phenolic Contents of Piper betel Leaves. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine.Retrieved from http://ajp.mums.ac.ir/pdf_2777_0d0d9a7c2b8b7bd216ecdb13c2890c40.html on December 20, 2016.
[53]IARC (2004). Betel-quid and Areca-nut Chewing and Some Areca-nut-derived Nitrosamines.Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK316567/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK316567.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[54]Patil, P., et al. (2009). Pharmacological Activities of Areca catechu- A Review.Journal of Pharmacy Research.Retrieved from http://jprsolutions.info/files/final-file-56948d3c4ccdb9.87549482.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[55]Quisumbing, E. (1978). Medicinal Plants of the Philippines.Katha Publishing House. Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.
[56]Rawat, A. and Mali, R. (2013). Phytochemical Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Nicotianatabacum: A Review. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research.Retrieved from http://ijpbr.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/12-RR-mali.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[57]Sazwi, N., et al. (2013). Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Activities of Piper betle, Areca catechu, Uncariagambir and Betel quid with and without Calcium Hydroxide.BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Retrieved from http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/550/art%253A10.1186%252F1472-6882-13-351.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fbmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com%2Farticle%2F10.1186%2F1472-6882-13-351&token2=exp=1481756567~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F550%2Fart%25253A10.1186%25252F1472-6882-13-351.pdf*~hmac=9c965369bcd77c9e4605e7b4d8e4106f770792e08058973f02f8e7fee35c4d2d on December 20, 2016.
[58] Oliveira, J., et al. (2009). Phytochemical Screening and Anticonvulsant Property of Ocimumbasilicum Leaf Essential Oil.BoletinLatinoamericano y del Caribe de PlantasMedicinales y Aromaticas.Retrieved from http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/856/85611774006.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[59] Abduelrahman, A., et al. (2009). Morphological Variability and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Nineteen Varieties of Basil Growing in Basil.International Journal of Technology.Retrieved from http://scialert.net/qredirect.php?doi=ijct.2009.1.10&linkid=pdf on December 15, 2016.
[60]Imeri, A., et al. (2014). Essential Oil Composition in Three Cultivars of Ocimum in Albania.Arch. Biol. Sci. Retrieved from http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-4664/2014/0354-46641404641I.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[61] Kaul, VK., et al. (1995). Volatiles of the Absolute of Cestrum nocturnum.Journal of Essential Oil Research.Retrieved from https://eurekamag.com/pdf.php?pdf=002730870 on December 15, 2016.
[62] Saraswati, J., et al. (2016). Analytical Techniques for Phytochemicals Screening and Bioactivities of Some Coleus Species: A Review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research.Retrieved from http://www.jpsr.pharmainfo.in/Documents/Volumes/vol8Issue04/jpsr08041611.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[63] Punjee, P., et al. (2009). Scented Extracts and Essential Oil Extraction from Micheliaalba. Journal of Natural Science.Retrieved from http://www.thaiscience.info/Article%20for%20ThaiScience/Article/62/10034075.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[64]Lourith, N., et al. (2013). Aroma Profiles and Preferences of Jasminumsambac Flowers Grown in Thailand.Journal of Cosmetics Science.Retrieved from http://journal.scconline.org/pdf/cc2013/cc064n06/p00483-p00494.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[65] Sabharwal, S., et al. (2013). Jasminumsambac: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Bio-Science.Retrieved from http://www.ijprbs.com/issuedocs/2013/10/IJPRBS%20430.pdf on December 15, 2016.
[66]Choudhary, M., et al. (2014). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity of Genus Plumeria: An Updated Review. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research.Retrieved from http://ssjournals.com.md-in-1.webhostbox.net/index.php/ijbar/article/view/512 on December 16, 2016.
[67]Farooque, A., et al. (2012). A Review on Plumeriaacuminata.International Journal of Research Pharmacy and Chemistry.Retrieved from http://www.ijrpc.com/files/31-264.pdf on December 16, 2016.
[68] Tan, L., et al. (2015). Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities of Canangaodorata. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534619/pdf/ECAM2015-896314.pdf on December 16, 2016.
[69] Koba, K., et al. (2009). Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Chenopodiumambrosioides Essential Oil from Togo.Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. Retrieved from http://www.banglajol.info/bd/index.php/BJSIR/article/view/4594/3704 on December 16, 2016.
[70] Rao, V, et al. (2009). Comparison of Essential Oil Components in Rhizome and Invitro Regenerated Whole Plants of Kaempferia galangal.Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/256385545 on December 18, 2016.
[71] Oyi, A., et al. Formulation and Antimicrobial Studies of Coconut Oil. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology.Retrieved from http://lovewildorganics.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Coconut-Oil.pdf on December 6, 2016.
[72] Mabeku, L., et al. (2011). Screening of Some Plants Used in Cameroonian Folk Medicine for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases.International Journal of Biology.Retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijb/article/viewFile/10453/8690 on December 19, 2016.
[73]Adeniyi, S., et al. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Insecticidal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Four Tropical Plants against Beans Weevil. International Journal of the Physical Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/IJPS/article-full-text-pdf/CA0348A26825 on December 18, 2016.
[74]Narendhirakannan, R. and Limmy, T. (2010). Invitro Antioxidant Studies on Ethanolic Extracts of Leaf, Stem, and Roots of Sidarhombifolia. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.ijpbs.net/issue-2/192.pdf on December 19, 2016.
[75]Logeswari, P., et al. (2013). In-vivo Anti-inflammatory effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Sidarhombifolia Root.IJPSR.Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/central/docview/1366362189/fulltextPDF/FF921A8B5BC64F05PQ/1?accountid=141440 on December 19, 2016.
[76]Woldeyes, S., et al. (2012). Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Compounds Isolated from Sidarhombifolia.Natural Products Chemistry and Research.Retrieved from http://www.esciencecentral.org/journals/evaluation-of-antibacterial-activities-of-compounds-isolated-from-sida-rhombifolia-linn-malvaceae-2329-6836.1000101.php?aid=11304 on December 18, 2016.
[77]Karou, D., et al. (2005). Antibacterial Activity of Alkaloids from Sidaacuta.African Journal of Biotechnology. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/central/docview/1657301297/fulltextPDF/774B3CAB392F472BPQ/7?accountid=141440 on December 8, 2016.
[78]Umadevi, M., et al. (2012). Rice-Traditional Medicinal Plant in India.Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.Retrieved from http://www.phytojournal.com/vol1Issue1/Issue_may_2012/1.2.pdf on December 19, 2016.
[79]Koeler, P. and Wieser, H. (2013). Chemistry of Cereal Grains.Handbook on Sourdough Biotechnology.Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/978-1-4614-5424-3 on December 18, 2016.
[80]Lati, E. (1995). New Research and development in Moisture retention Mechanism and Moisturizing Agents.Fragrance Journal.Vol. 23 no. 81.
[81]Ferulic Acid. Oryza Oil and Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. Retrieved from http://www.oryza.co.jp/html/english/pdf/Ferulic_acid_1.1M.pdf on December 18, 2016.
[82] Vesper, H. et al. (1999). Sphingolipids in Food and the Emerging Importance of Sphingolipids to Nutrition.Journal of Nutrition.Vol 129. Pp 1239-1250.
[83]Imokawa, G. (1995). Structures and Functions of Stratum Corneum Lipids in the Skin.Journal of Japan Oil Chemistry Society.Vol 44 no. 10.
[84] Motta, S., et al. (1993) Ceramide Composition of the Psoratic Scale. BichemicaetBiophysicaActa.
[85]ul-Haq, A. and ur-Rehman, S. (2004). Chicken Eggs A Diverse Food. World Food Day Proceedings.Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/297714605 on December 19, 2016.
[86] Tewtrakul, S., et al. (2005). Chemical Components and Biological Activities of Volatile Oil of Kaempferia galangal.Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology.Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/26470656 on December 8, 2016.
[87]Talib, W. (2010).Anticancer and Antimicrobial of Plant-Derived Natural Products.Phytochemicals-Bioactivities and Impact on Health.Retrieved from http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/25497.pdf on December 16, 2016.
[88]Deharo, E. and Ginsburg, H. (2011). Analysis of Additivity and Synergism in the Anti-plasmodial Effect of Purified Compounds from Plant Extracts.Malaria Journal.Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/central/docview/902240237/C647DB2B10824110PQ/17?accountid=141440 on December 10, 2016.
[89] Jantan, I., et al. (1996). Chemical Composition of Some Citrus Oils from Malaysia.Journal of Essential Oil Research.Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1996.9701030 on December 20, 2016.
[90] Ghafar, M. et al. (2010). Flavonoid, Hesperidine, Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities from Citrus species. African Journal of Biotechnology.Retrieved from http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/77908/68305 on December 20, 2016.
[91] Herman, S. (1998). Shake Before Using. Kosmeticos.Retrieved from http://www.stephen-herman.com/002.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[92]Endlein, E. and Peleikis, K. (2011). Natural Waxes: Properties, Compositions, and Applications. SOFW Journal.Retrieved from https://www.kahlwax.de/fileadmin/downloads/SOFW_Journal_4_2011.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[93] Ghosh, P., et al. (2014). Physicochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Copra and Oil of Cocosnucifera.Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Retrieved from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijfs/2014/310852/ on December 20, 2016.
[94] Musa, A. and Gasmelseed, G. (2012). Characterization of Lawsoniainermis as Vegetable Tanning Material.Journal of Forest Products and Industries.Retrieved from http://researchpub.org/journal/jfpi/number/vol1-no2/vol1-no2-5.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[95] Jones, O. and Selinger, B. (2016). The Chemistry of Cosmetics.Retrieved from http://www.nova.org.au/people-medicine/chemistry-cosmetics on December 20, 2016.
[96] Othman, S., et al. (2016). Essential Oils from the Malaysian Citrus Medicinal Plants.Journal of Medicines.Retrieved from http://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/3/2/13/htm December 20, 2016.
[97] Dassanayake, M. (1985). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon. Amerind Publishing Co., Ltd. New Delhi, India.
[98] Khazaeli, P. and Mehrabani, M. (2008). Screening of Sun Protective Activity of the Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants.Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.Retrieved from http://ijpr.sbmu.ac.ir/article_738_71b3fb4f53cb8afad2d05a01c621f841.pdf on December 10, 2016.
[99]Donglikar, M. and Deore, S. (2016). Sunscreens: A Review. Pharmacognosy Journal.Retrieved from http://www.phcogfirst.com/phcogj on December 21, 2016.
[100]. Gupta, V. (2016).Phytochemcial Analysis and UV Protective Property of Psidiumguajava Leaves Extract.Agricultural Science.Retrieved from http://worldwidejournals.in/ojs/index.php/gjra/article/view/1945 on December 10, 2016.
[101] Estrela, C. and Holland, R. (2003). Calcium Hydroxide :Study Based on Scientific Evidences. Journal of Applied Oral Science.Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/jaos/v11n4/a01v11n4.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[102]Barbalho, S., et al. (2012).PsidiumGuajava (Guava): A Plant of Multipurpose Medicinal Applications. Medicinal and Aroamtic Plants.Retrieved from https://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/psidium-guajava-guava-a-plant-of-multipurpose-medicinal-applications-2167-0412.1000104.php?aid=6652 on December 20, 2016.
[103]Nascimento, G., et al. (2000).Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts and Phytochemicals on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria.Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjm/v31n4/a03v31n4.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[104]Goncalves, F., et al. (2008). Antibacterial Activity of Guava Leaf Extracts on Diarrhea-Causing Enteric Bacteria Isolate from Seabob Shrimp. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rimtsp/v50n1/a03v50n1.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[105] Vijayameena, C., et al. (2013).Phytochemical Screening and Assessment of Antibacterial Activity for the Bioactive Compounds in Annonamuricata. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Balasubramanian_Ramesh/publication/234076924_Phytochemical_screening_and_assessment_of_antibacterial_activity_for_the_bioactive_compounds_in_Annona_muricata/links/09e4150ede8ee1e2a4000000.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[106] Moghadamtousi, S., et al. (2015).Annonamuricata (Annonaceae): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Isolated Acetogenins and Biological Activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.Retrieved from http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/7/15625 on December 20, 2016.
[107] Mordue, A. and Nisbet, A. (2000).Azadirachtin from the Neem Tree Azadirachtaindica: its Action Against Insects. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil.Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/aseb/v29n4/v29n4a01.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[108] Roy, A. and Saraf, S. (2005). Limonoids: Overview of Significant Bioactive Triterpenes Distributed in Plants Kingdom. Boil. Pharm. Bull. Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/2/29_2_191/_pdf on December 20, 2016.
[109] Hadiyoana, D., et al. (2011).Repellent Activity of Bio-active Agent from ArtocarpuscamansiagainstAe.Aegypti. Retrieved from http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/33002303/Repellent_Activity_of_Bio-active_Agent__from_Artocarpus_camansi_against_Ae._Aegypti.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1482652889&Signature=5994YGDM9nRc4wonJM1AUHktbx8%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DRepellent_Activity_of_Bio-active_Agent_f.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[110]Nishizawa, et. al. (1983). Structure of Lansiosides: Biologically Active New Triterpene Glycosides from LansiumDomesticum. Journal of Organic Chemistry.
[111] Monzon, R., et al. Larvicidal Potential of Five Philippine Plants against Aedesaegypti and Culexquinquefasciatus.Sotheast Asian Journal Trop Med Public Health.Retrieved from http://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/1994-25-4/1994-25-4-755.pdf on December 20, 2016.
[112] Solidum, J. (2012). Potential Nutritional and Medicinal Sources from Fruit Peels in Manila, Philippines. International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics.Retrieved from http://www.ijbbb.org/papers/114-A00017.pdf on December 20, 2016.
Downloads
Published
2017-04-01
How to Cite
Said-Ador, N. K. (2017). Ethnochemistry of maguindanaons’ on the usage of household chemicals: Implications to chemistry education. Journal of Social Sciences (COES&Amp;RJ-JSS), 6(2S), 8–26. https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2017.6.2S.8.26
Issue
Section
Articles
a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
