Analysis of the Relationship between Market Orientation and Leadership Style in Hungarian SMEs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2015.4.2.812.827Keywords:
SMEs, marketing, market orientation, management, leadership style, revenue, HungaryAbstract
SMEs’ relation towards marketing and their marketing practices are as yet unexplored research areas in Hungary. This study focuses on the market orientation of Hungarian small and medium-sized companies, with a special focus on the interrelation between market orientation and leadership style. Since previous research (e.g.: Blankson et al., 2006, Smart and Conant, 1994) has shown a significant, positive correlation between market orientation and marketing competencies, we have also examined which internal factors influence the level of market orientation of Hungarian SMEs.
Quantitative research1 was conducted with the participation of 200 SMEs using the Kohli-Jaworski (1990) scale. The results confirmed previous international studies that market orientation is significantly and positively related to financial performance. This means that the SME leader should pay closer attention to collect information and create market intelligence pertaining to current and future customer needs, to disseminate this intelligence across departments and to respond to it organization-wide.
Leadership style was determined based on the Harris and Ogbonna (2001) scale. Our results indicated that a participating and supportive management style leads to higher market orientation. In the case of Hungarian SMEs, there are three factors significantly associated with leadership styles: the industry, the size of the business, and the location of the company.
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References
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Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire: Third edition manual and sampler set. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden.
Bass B.M. (1981). Handbook of Leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York: Free Press
Bass B.M. (1997). Does the transactional- transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? American Psychology, 52(3), 130-9
Baker, W.E. - Sinkula, J.M. (1999): The synergistic effect of market orientation and learning orientation on organizational performance, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 27, No.4, pp. 411-427.
Barett, H. – Weinstein, A (1998): The Effect of Marketing Orientation and Organizational Flexibility on Corporate Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 23 (Fall), pp. 57-71.
Becherer, R.C., Halstead, D., and Haynes, P. (2001): Marketing Orientation in SMEs: Effects of the internal environment, Journal of Research in Marketing & Entrepreneurship, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.1-17.
Bhuian, S. E. (1998): An Empirical Examination of Market Orientation in Saudi Arabian Manufacturing Companies, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 43, No.1, pp.13-25.
Blankson, C., - Cheng, J.M.S. (2005): Have small businesses adopted the market orientation concept? The case of small businesses in Michigan, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 317-330.
Blankson, C. - Motwani, J.G. - Levenburg, N.M. (2006): Understanding the patterns of market orientation among small businesses, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 572-590.
Bradshaw, R.-Maycock, C.-Öztel, H.(2008):Exploring SME market orientation: an organisational learning perspective, Education Training, Vol.50, No. 8/9, pp.764-777.
Byers, T., - Slack, T. (2001): Strategic decision making in small businesses within the leisure industry, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 33, No.2, pp.121-136.
Churchill, Gilbert A., Jr. (1979): A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 16 (February), pp. 64-73.
Dawes, J. (2000): Market Orientation and Company Profitability: Further Evidence Incorporating Longitudinal Data, Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp.173-199.
Deal, T. E. - Kennedy, A. A. (1982): Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books
Deshpande, R. (1993): Corporate culture, customer orientation, and innovativeness in Japanese firms: A quadrant analysis, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, pp. 23–37.
Didonet, S. - Simmons,G. - Díaz-Villavicencio, G. - Palmer, M. (2012): The relationship between small business market orientation and environmental uncertainty, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 757-779
Dobák, M., Antal, Zs. (2010): Vezetés és szervezés, Aula Kiadó, Budapest
Doyle, P. - Wong, V. (1998): Marketing and competitive performance: An empirical study, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 32, No. 5/6, pp.514-535.
Dwairi, M. - Bhuian, S. - Turkus, A. (2007): Revisiting the pioneering market orientation model in an emerging economy, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 41, No. 7/8, pp.713-721.
Eagly, A. H., - Johnson, B. T. (1990): Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis, Psychological Bulletin, Vol.108, pp. 233 – 256.
Eagly, Alice H.; Johannesen-Schmidt, Mary C.; van Engen, Marloes L. (2003): Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: A meta-analysis comparing women and men., Psychological Bulletin, Vol 129(4), Jul 2003, 569-591. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569
Ekaterini, G. (2010): The Impact of Leadership Styles on Four Variables of Executives Workforce, International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, No. 6; June
Erikson, E.H. (1950): Childhood and Society. New York:Norton.
Felton, AP. (1959): Making the marketing concept work, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 37, (July/August), pp. 55-65.
Gaur, S.S. - Vasudevan, H. - Gaur, A.S. (2011): Market orientation and manufacturing performance of Indian SMEs: Moderating role of firm resources and environmental factors, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 45 No. 7/8, pp. 1172 – 1193.
Gebhardt, G.F. - Carpenter, G.S. - Sherry J.F. Jr. (2006): Creating a Market Orientation: A Longitudinal, Multifirm, Grounded Analysis of Cultural Transformation, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 70, October 2006, pp.37-55.
Gilmore, A. - Carson, D. - O’Donell, A. - Cummins, D. (1999): Added Value: A Qualitative Assesment of SME Marketing, Irish Marketing Review, Vol. 12, No.1, pp. 27.-35.
Gilmore, A. - Carson, D. - Grant, K. (2001): SME marketing in practice, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 6 – 11.
Green, K. W. Jr. - Inman, R. A. - Brown G. - Wilis, T. H. (2005): Market Orientation: Relation to Structure and Performance, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 20. No. 6, pp. 276-84.
Greiman, B.C. – Addington, L. S. – Larson, T. G. – Olander, K.R. (2007): Preferred Leadership Style Of Agricultural Education Teachers: An Expression Of Epistemological Beliefs About Youth Leadership Development Journal of Agricultural Education Volume 48, Number 4, pp. 93 – 105 DOI: 10.5032/jae.2007.04093
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Harris, L.C. – Ogbonna, E. (2001): Leadership style and market orientation: an empirical study, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.35.No.5/6, 2001. pp. 744-64.
Hart, S. and C. Banbury (1994): How strategy-making processes can make a difference, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15, No.4, pp. 251–269.
Hills, G. E. - Hultman, C. M. - Miles, M. P. (2008): The evolution and development of Entrepreneurial Marketing, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 46,
pp 99– 112.
Homburg, C. - Pflesser, C. (2000): A multiple-layer model of market oriented organizational culture: Measurement issues and performance outcomes, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 37., pp. 449-462.
Horng, S. – Cheng-Hsui Chen, A. (1998): Marketing Orientation of Small and Medium-sized Firms in Taiwan, Journal of Small Business Management, 36 (July), pp. 79-85.
House R.J. (1999). Weber and neo-charismatic leadership paradigm: a response to Beyer. Leadership Quarterly, 10, 563-574
Howell, J. - Avolio, B. (1993): Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation, Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol. 78 No. 6., pp.891-902.
Jaworski, B. – Kohli Ajay K. (1993): Marketing Orientation: Antecedents and Consequences, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, pp. 53-70.
Kara, A. - Spillan, J.E. (2002): An Exploratory Analysis of Market Orientation of Small Sized Retailers in Guatemala, Journal of International Marketing and Market Research, Vol.27, No.3, pp.115-127.
Kara, A. - Spillan, J.E., DeShields O.W. Jr. (2005):”The Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Performance: A Study of Small-Sized Service Retailers Using MARKOR Scale”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 105-118.
Kohli, A. - Jaworski, B. (1990): Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp.1-18.
Kotter, J.P. - Heskett, J.L. (1992): Corporate Culture and Performance, Free Press,
New York
Low, R. - Chapman, L. - Sloan, R., (2007): Inter-relationship between innovation and market orientation in SMEs, Managerial Research News, Vol. 30, No. 12, pp.878-891.
Mandell, B. – Pherwani, S. (2003): Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership Style: A Gender Comparison, Journal of Business and Psychology, March 2003, Volume 17, Issue 3, pp. 387-404
Martin, J.H. - Martin, B.A. - Minnillo, P.R. (2009): Implementing a Market Orientation in Small Manufacturing Firms: From Cognitive Models to Action, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 92-115.
Matsuno, K.- Mentzer, J.T. - Özsumer A. (2002): The Effects of Entrepreneurial Proclivity and Market Orientation on Business Performance, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 66 (July), pp.18-32.
Narver, J. - Slater, S. (1990): The Effect of Market Orientation on Business Profitability, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 20-35.
Oakley, J.G. (2000), “Gender-based barriers to senior management positions: understanding the scarcity of female CEOs”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 321-334.
Ottesen, G.G. - Grønhaug, K. (2004): Exploring the dynamics of market orientation in turbulent environments: a case study, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 38, No. 8, pp. 956 – 973.
Pascale, R. - Athos, A. (1981): The Art of Japanese Management, Penguin, London
Park, D. (1996): Gender role, decision style and leadership style, Women In Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 8, pp.13-17.
Pedraja Rejas, L. - Ponce, E. R. - Ponce, J. R. (2006): Leadership styles and effectiveness: a study of small firms in Chile, Interciencia, Vol. 31, No. 7, pp.500-504.
Pearce C.L., Sims Jr. H.P., Cox j., Ball G., Schnell E., Smith K.A. & Trevino L. (2000). Transactors, transformers, and beyond: a multi-method development of a theoretical typology of leadership. Working paper, University of Maryland
Peters, T. - Waterman, R. (1982): In Search of Excellence, Harper & Row, Sydney
Rojas-Méndez, J.I. - Kara, A., Spillan, J.E. (2006): Market Orientation in the Chilean Small Business Context: An Empirical Study, Journal of Global Marketing, Vol. 19, No.3/4, pp.93-132.
Schien, E.H. (1992): Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2nd Edition, San Francisco,
Jossey-Bass.
Smart, D. T. - Conant, J. S. (1994): Entrepreneurial orientation, distinctive marketing competencies and organizational performance, Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol.10, No.3, pp. 28-38.
Slater, S. - Narver, J. (1994): Does Competitive Environment Moderate the Market Orientation Performance Relationship?, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, No. 2,
pp. 46-55.
Soehadi, A.W. - Hart, S. - Tagg, T. (2001): Measuring market orientation in the Indonesian retail context, Journal of Strategic Marketing, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 285-299.
Spillan, J. E. - Li, X. - Totten, J. W. - Antúnez de Mayolo, C. (2009): An Exploratory Analysis of Market Orientation of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (SMEs) in Peru”, Panorama Socioeconómico, Vol. 27, No. 39, pp.138-151.
Venkatesan, V.S. - Soutar, G. (2000): The applicability of some Market Orientation models to Australian SMEs: An empirical study
ANZMAC 2000 Visionary Marketing for the 21st Century: Facing the Challange
http://anzmac.info/conference/2000/CDsite/papers/tuv/Venkatn1.PDF
Wielkiewicz, R. M. (2000): The Leadership Attitudes and Beliefs Scale: An Instrument for Evaluating College Students, Thinking About Leadership and Organizations, Journal of College Student Development, 41, 335-347.
Wrenn, B. - LaTour, S. - Calder, B. (1994): Difference in perceptions of hospital marketing orientation between administrators and marketing officers, Hospital and Health Services Administration, Vol. 39, pp. 341–358.
Wong, V. – Saunders, J. – Doyle, P. (1989): The barriers to achieving stronger market orientation in British companies: an exploratory study, Proceedings of the 22nd Marketing Educational Group Conference, pp.35-64.
Zahra S.A. - Covin J. (1995): Contextual influences on the corporate entrepreneurship - company performance relationship in established firms: a longitudinal analysis, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 10, pp. 43–58.
Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire: Third edition manual and sampler set. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden.
Bass B.M. (1981). Handbook of Leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York: Free Press
Bass B.M. (1997). Does the transactional- transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? American Psychology, 52(3), 130-9
Baker, W.E. - Sinkula, J.M. (1999): The synergistic effect of market orientation and learning orientation on organizational performance, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 27, No.4, pp. 411-427.
Barett, H. – Weinstein, A (1998): The Effect of Marketing Orientation and Organizational Flexibility on Corporate Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 23 (Fall), pp. 57-71.
Becherer, R.C., Halstead, D., and Haynes, P. (2001): Marketing Orientation in SMEs: Effects of the internal environment, Journal of Research in Marketing & Entrepreneurship, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.1-17.
Bhuian, S. E. (1998): An Empirical Examination of Market Orientation in Saudi Arabian Manufacturing Companies, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 43, No.1, pp.13-25.
Blankson, C., - Cheng, J.M.S. (2005): Have small businesses adopted the market orientation concept? The case of small businesses in Michigan, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 317-330.
Blankson, C. - Motwani, J.G. - Levenburg, N.M. (2006): Understanding the patterns of market orientation among small businesses, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 572-590.
Bradshaw, R.-Maycock, C.-Öztel, H.(2008):Exploring SME market orientation: an organisational learning perspective, Education Training, Vol.50, No. 8/9, pp.764-777.
Byers, T., - Slack, T. (2001): Strategic decision making in small businesses within the leisure industry, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 33, No.2, pp.121-136.
Churchill, Gilbert A., Jr. (1979): A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 16 (February), pp. 64-73.
Dawes, J. (2000): Market Orientation and Company Profitability: Further Evidence Incorporating Longitudinal Data, Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp.173-199.
Deal, T. E. - Kennedy, A. A. (1982): Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books
Deshpande, R. (1993): Corporate culture, customer orientation, and innovativeness in Japanese firms: A quadrant analysis, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, pp. 23–37.
Didonet, S. - Simmons,G. - Díaz-Villavicencio, G. - Palmer, M. (2012): The relationship between small business market orientation and environmental uncertainty, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 757-779
Dobák, M., Antal, Zs. (2010): Vezetés és szervezés, Aula Kiadó, Budapest
Doyle, P. - Wong, V. (1998): Marketing and competitive performance: An empirical study, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 32, No. 5/6, pp.514-535.
Dwairi, M. - Bhuian, S. - Turkus, A. (2007): Revisiting the pioneering market orientation model in an emerging economy, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 41, No. 7/8, pp.713-721.
Eagly, A. H., - Johnson, B. T. (1990): Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis, Psychological Bulletin, Vol.108, pp. 233 – 256.
Eagly, Alice H.; Johannesen-Schmidt, Mary C.; van Engen, Marloes L. (2003): Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: A meta-analysis comparing women and men., Psychological Bulletin, Vol 129(4), Jul 2003, 569-591. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569
Ekaterini, G. (2010): The Impact of Leadership Styles on Four Variables of Executives Workforce, International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, No. 6; June
Erikson, E.H. (1950): Childhood and Society. New York:Norton.
Felton, AP. (1959): Making the marketing concept work, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 37, (July/August), pp. 55-65.
Gaur, S.S. - Vasudevan, H. - Gaur, A.S. (2011): Market orientation and manufacturing performance of Indian SMEs: Moderating role of firm resources and environmental factors, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 45 No. 7/8, pp. 1172 – 1193.
Gebhardt, G.F. - Carpenter, G.S. - Sherry J.F. Jr. (2006): Creating a Market Orientation: A Longitudinal, Multifirm, Grounded Analysis of Cultural Transformation, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 70, October 2006, pp.37-55.
Gilmore, A. - Carson, D. - O’Donell, A. - Cummins, D. (1999): Added Value: A Qualitative Assesment of SME Marketing, Irish Marketing Review, Vol. 12, No.1, pp. 27.-35.
Gilmore, A. - Carson, D. - Grant, K. (2001): SME marketing in practice, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 6 – 11.
Green, K. W. Jr. - Inman, R. A. - Brown G. - Wilis, T. H. (2005): Market Orientation: Relation to Structure and Performance, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 20. No. 6, pp. 276-84.
Greiman, B.C. – Addington, L. S. – Larson, T. G. – Olander, K.R. (2007): Preferred Leadership Style Of Agricultural Education Teachers: An Expression Of Epistemological Beliefs About Youth Leadership Development Journal of Agricultural Education Volume 48, Number 4, pp. 93 – 105 DOI: 10.5032/jae.2007.04093
Harris, L.C. (1998): Barriers to market orientation: the view from the shopfloor, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol.16. No.2/3, pp. 221-28.
Harris, L.C. – Piercy, N.F. (1999): Identifying the Barriers to Market Orientation: British Retail Companies, in: Developments in Marketing Science, eds. Ford and Honeycutt, Vol. XXI.
Harris, L.C. – Ogbonna, E. (2001): Leadership style and market orientation: an empirical study, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.35.No.5/6, 2001. pp. 744-64.
Hart, S. and C. Banbury (1994): How strategy-making processes can make a difference, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15, No.4, pp. 251–269.
Hills, G. E. - Hultman, C. M. - Miles, M. P. (2008): The evolution and development of Entrepreneurial Marketing, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 46,
pp 99– 112.
Homburg, C. - Pflesser, C. (2000): A multiple-layer model of market oriented organizational culture: Measurement issues and performance outcomes, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 37., pp. 449-462.
Horng, S. – Cheng-Hsui Chen, A. (1998): Marketing Orientation of Small and Medium-sized Firms in Taiwan, Journal of Small Business Management, 36 (July), pp. 79-85.
House R.J. (1999). Weber and neo-charismatic leadership paradigm: a response to Beyer. Leadership Quarterly, 10, 563-574
Howell, J. - Avolio, B. (1993): Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation, Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol. 78 No. 6., pp.891-902.
Jaworski, B. – Kohli Ajay K. (1993): Marketing Orientation: Antecedents and Consequences, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, pp. 53-70.
Kara, A. - Spillan, J.E. (2002): An Exploratory Analysis of Market Orientation of Small Sized Retailers in Guatemala, Journal of International Marketing and Market Research, Vol.27, No.3, pp.115-127.
Kara, A. - Spillan, J.E., DeShields O.W. Jr. (2005):”The Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Performance: A Study of Small-Sized Service Retailers Using MARKOR Scale”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 105-118.
Kohli, A. - Jaworski, B. (1990): Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp.1-18.
Kotter, J.P. - Heskett, J.L. (1992): Corporate Culture and Performance, Free Press,
New York
Low, R. - Chapman, L. - Sloan, R., (2007): Inter-relationship between innovation and market orientation in SMEs, Managerial Research News, Vol. 30, No. 12, pp.878-891.
Mandell, B. – Pherwani, S. (2003): Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership Style: A Gender Comparison, Journal of Business and Psychology, March 2003, Volume 17, Issue 3, pp. 387-404
Martin, J.H. - Martin, B.A. - Minnillo, P.R. (2009): Implementing a Market Orientation in Small Manufacturing Firms: From Cognitive Models to Action, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 92-115.
Matsuno, K.- Mentzer, J.T. - Özsumer A. (2002): The Effects of Entrepreneurial Proclivity and Market Orientation on Business Performance, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 66 (July), pp.18-32.
Narver, J. - Slater, S. (1990): The Effect of Market Orientation on Business Profitability, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 20-35.
Oakley, J.G. (2000), “Gender-based barriers to senior management positions: understanding the scarcity of female CEOs”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 321-334.
Ottesen, G.G. - Grønhaug, K. (2004): Exploring the dynamics of market orientation in turbulent environments: a case study, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 38, No. 8, pp. 956 – 973.
Pascale, R. - Athos, A. (1981): The Art of Japanese Management, Penguin, London
Park, D. (1996): Gender role, decision style and leadership style, Women In Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 8, pp.13-17.
Pedraja Rejas, L. - Ponce, E. R. - Ponce, J. R. (2006): Leadership styles and effectiveness: a study of small firms in Chile, Interciencia, Vol. 31, No. 7, pp.500-504.
Pearce C.L., Sims Jr. H.P., Cox j., Ball G., Schnell E., Smith K.A. & Trevino L. (2000). Transactors, transformers, and beyond: a multi-method development of a theoretical typology of leadership. Working paper, University of Maryland
Peters, T. - Waterman, R. (1982): In Search of Excellence, Harper & Row, Sydney
Rojas-Méndez, J.I. - Kara, A., Spillan, J.E. (2006): Market Orientation in the Chilean Small Business Context: An Empirical Study, Journal of Global Marketing, Vol. 19, No.3/4, pp.93-132.
Schien, E.H. (1992): Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2nd Edition, San Francisco,
Jossey-Bass.
Smart, D. T. - Conant, J. S. (1994): Entrepreneurial orientation, distinctive marketing competencies and organizational performance, Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol.10, No.3, pp. 28-38.
Slater, S. - Narver, J. (1994): Does Competitive Environment Moderate the Market Orientation Performance Relationship?, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, No. 2,
pp. 46-55.
Soehadi, A.W. - Hart, S. - Tagg, T. (2001): Measuring market orientation in the Indonesian retail context, Journal of Strategic Marketing, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 285-299.
Spillan, J. E. - Li, X. - Totten, J. W. - Antúnez de Mayolo, C. (2009): An Exploratory Analysis of Market Orientation of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (SMEs) in Peru”, Panorama Socioeconómico, Vol. 27, No. 39, pp.138-151.
Venkatesan, V.S. - Soutar, G. (2000): The applicability of some Market Orientation models to Australian SMEs: An empirical study
ANZMAC 2000 Visionary Marketing for the 21st Century: Facing the Challange
http://anzmac.info/conference/2000/CDsite/papers/tuv/Venkatn1.PDF
Wielkiewicz, R. M. (2000): The Leadership Attitudes and Beliefs Scale: An Instrument for Evaluating College Students, Thinking About Leadership and Organizations, Journal of College Student Development, 41, 335-347.
Wrenn, B. - LaTour, S. - Calder, B. (1994): Difference in perceptions of hospital marketing orientation between administrators and marketing officers, Hospital and Health Services Administration, Vol. 39, pp. 341–358.
Wong, V. – Saunders, J. – Doyle, P. (1989): The barriers to achieving stronger market orientation in British companies: an exploratory study, Proceedings of the 22nd Marketing Educational Group Conference, pp.35-64.
Zahra S.A. - Covin J. (1995): Contextual influences on the corporate entrepreneurship - company performance relationship in established firms: a longitudinal analysis, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 10, pp. 43–58.
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Published
2015-04-01
How to Cite
Hofmeister-Tóth, A., Kopfer-Rácz, K., & Sas, D. (2015). Analysis of the Relationship between Market Orientation and Leadership Style in Hungarian SMEs. Journal of Social Sciences (COES&Amp;RJ-JSS), 4(2), 812–827. https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2015.4.2.812.827
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