The International Role in Mitigating the Syrian Crisis Impact on Education Quality in Jordan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2019.8.3.434.455Keywords:
Syria Crisis, Education Quality, International Intervention, International Organizations, Donors, Refugee Education, JordanAbstract
This study aims to find out if the international intervention helped to mitigate the Syrian crisis impact on the quality of education in Jordan. We collected and analyzed primary quantitative and qualitative data for a sample of (30 double-shift) public schools in Qasabet-Irbid district (Northern Jordan), close to the Syrian border. Our empirical analysis assesses an overall positive impact of the international intervention on students' outcomes in the affected public schools that received international assistance relative to the counterfactual sample. Students’ scores in these treated schools in the four subjects (Math, Science, Arabic, and English) declined less than in the affected public schools that did not receive international assistance (untreated). This positive impact is confirmed by the qualitative analysis as well. However the international intervention was effective in many schools, but it did not cover all the affected public schools in Jordan. On the other hand, many schools that benefited from the intervention lately would have better educational results in the short run. Also, in the near future, there would be a significant enhancement in the whole sector due to the ongoing programs and projects that are funded by the International donors and aim to reduce the crisis impact on quality and enhance the sector’s resilient. Finally, GOJ and donors should work together to schooling all refugee children, but without affecting the quality in public schools. Moreover, they should remedy the damage in quality at the affected schools (due to schooling the refugees), as well as launch more programs and initiatives to have a more inclusive intervention.
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References
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WFP– CFMSE, 2015; MOPIC, February 2017. "The Jordanian Response Plan for the Syria Crisis, 2017-2019".
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Abdul-Khaliq. Shatha, ThikraiatSoufan&Ruba Abu Shihab. "Intensive Economic Growth in Jordan during 1978-2010".
Alison Wolf, March 2011; Review of Vocational Education – The Wolf Report, England.[Available at]https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/11621/1/DFE-00031-2011.pdf
Angrist, Joshua David, and Jörn-SteffenPischke. Mostly Harmless Econometrics. 1st ed. Print.
Bader. MajedFarhan, 2012. The Effect of Education on Economic Growth in Jordan: An Econometric Study (1976 – 2007) "The Modified Version". Dirasat, Administrative Sciences, Volume 39, No. 2, 2012.
Bandiera, Larcinese and Rasul , The Economic Journal; "HETEROGENEOUS CLASS SIZE EFFECTS: NEW EVIDENCE FROM A PANEL OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS*". N.p., 2010.
Bataineh Abdullah and MontalbanoPierluigi, 2018; The Impact of Syrian Crisis on the Quality of Education in Jordan: A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment; ISSN 2385-2755.
Bataineh. Abdullah and Momamni. Fawaz , 2017; The Second International Conference for Refugees in the Middle East; "Human Security: International Community Obligations and Hosting Communities’ Role"; Conference Proceedings.
Bray, M. 2002. The Costs and Financing of Educations: Trends and Policy Implications. Education in Developing Asia. Volume 3. Asian Development Bank, Manila.
CGDEV. "The Global Refugee Crisis In Urban Settings: Improving Self-Reliance And Reducing Aid Dependence". Center For Global Development. N.p., 2017.
Christophersen. Mona, “Securing Education for Syrian Refugees in Jordan,” New York: International Peace Institute, May 2015.
Culbertson. Shelly, Olga. Oliker, Ben. Baruch, Ilana Blum. "Rethinking Coordination Of Services To Refugees In Urban Areas: Managing The Crisis In Jordan And Lebanon | RAND". Rand.org. N.p., 2016.
Dalisay S. Maligalig, Rhona B. Caoli-Rodriguez, Arturo Martinez, Jr., and Sining Cuevas. "Education Outcomes in the Philippines"; Asian Development Bank, 2010.
Dorman, Stephanie, Educational Needs Assessment for Urban Syrian Refugees inTurkey, YUVA Association, 2014.
Dupire Camille: ‘Syrian refugees will greatly benefit from regularising situation’; The Jordan Times, 5th March 2018.
Eric A. Hanushek, 1996; Does Money Matter? The Effect of School Resources on Student Achievement and Adult Success; Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution; Editors: in Gary Burtless (ed.).
ESWG, 2014. "Glossary of Education Services,” Jordan, Education Sector Working Group, May 29, 2014.
European Parliament, 2017. "Syrian Crisis: Impact On Jordan - Think Tank". Europarl.europa.eu. N.p., 2017.
Gregory. Mankiw, David. David N. Romer. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE EMPIRICS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH*, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1992.
Handicap International and HelpAge, “Hidden Victims of the Syria Crisis: Disabled, Injured, and Older Refugees,” 2014.
Hanushek, E. A. and Kimko, D. D. (2000). Schooling, labor force quality, and the growth of nations. American Economic Review 90(5), 1184–1208.
Hanushek, E., Kain, J., &Rivkin, S. (2004) Teachers, Schools, Academic Achievement (No. 6691). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Harvard Field Study Group, Non-Paper on the International Response to the SyrianRefugee Crisis, Boston, Mass.: Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center, 2014. As ofJanuary 14, 2015: http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Harvard%20Field%20Study%20Jordan%20January%202014%20final.pdf
James J. Heckman, University of Chicago, "Investing in Disadvantaged Young Children is an Economically Efficient Policy"; Early Childhood Research Collaborative Minneapolis, Minnesota October 13, 2006.
Kevin Watkins (Theirworld), “No lost generation – holding to the promise of education for all Syrian refugees”, August 2, 2016.
Kreishan. Fuad, I.M. Al Hawarin, "Education And Economic Growth In Jordan: Causality Test". N.p., 2011.
Lattimer, Sparks, and Tuchel, “Funding Overview,” Development Initiatives, February 2016, "Humanitarian-assistance-to-education-for-the-Syria-emergency.pdf ", p. 8.
Madge Thomas, Global Citizen: "Why education is so important for refugees around the world"; February 6, 2016.
Mark Bray, 2008. "Double-shift schooling: design and operation for cost-effectiveness-Third edition". Fundamentals of Educational Planning – 90.
Melissa Fleming (UNHCR), “Six reasons why Syrians are fleeing to Europe in increasing numbers,” The Guardian, October 25, 2015.
MOPIC, February 2017. "The Jordanian Response Plan for the Syria Crisis, 2017-2019".
Murnane, Richard J., John B. Willett, Yves Duhaldeborde, and John H. Tyler. 2000. “How Important Are the Cognitive Skills of Teenagers in Predicting Subsequent Earnings?” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 19 (4): 547–68.
Nicolai, S., &Triplehorn, C. (2003). "The role of education in protecting children inconflict". London: Humanitarian Practice Institute.
NRC, 2014. "Shared Resilience for Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Jordan"; data from UNHCR.
Renewed Efforts Against Child Hunger, Access to Education for Syrian RefugeeChildren in Zaatari Camp, Jordan—Joint Education Needs Assessment Report, Jordan: Education Sector Working Group, 2014a. As of July 24, 2015:https://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=7394
Sikhan, Khara. "Low-Income Students Six Times More Likely To Drop Out Of High School - World Socialist Web Site". Wsws.org. N.p., 2013.
Teaching Refugees, "Classroom Supports | Teaching Refugees With Limited Formal Schooling". Teaching Refugees.com. N.p.,
The World Bank. "MENA DEVELOPMENT REPORT-The Road Not Traveled Education Reform In The Middle East And North Africa". N.p., 2008.
UNESCO-WIDE, World Data on Education. N.p., Web. August 2011.
UNHCR, 2018a. "UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response." N.p., 2018. [Available at] http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php
UNHCR, Education; [Available at] http://www.unhcr.org/education.html
UNHCR, Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan, 3RP Regional Progress Report, June 2015. [Available at] http://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/3RP-Progress-Report.pdf
UNICEF, "COUNTRY REPORT ON OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN - Jordan". N.p., Web. October 2014.
UNICEF, 2015. “Curriculum, Accreditation and Certification for Syrian Children in Syria, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt,” March 2015.
UNICEF, 2015. Education Sector Working Group (UNICEF), “Access to Education for Syrian Children and Youth in Jordan Host Communities: Joint Education Needs Assessment,” March 2015.
UNICEF, 2017; "Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools", A companion to the Child Friendly Schools Manual.
Valenza and AlFayez (UNICEF), “Running on Empty,”2016, p. 16.
Van Esveld, Bill. "“We’Re Afraid For Their Future”". Human Rights Watch. N.p., 2016.
WFP– CFMSE, 2015; MOPIC, February 2017. "The Jordanian Response Plan for the Syria Crisis, 2017-2019".
WHITMAN. ELIZABETH. "Refugee Crisis 2015: In Jordan, More Than 100,000 Syrian Students Means Double Shifts For Some Schools". International Business Times. N.p., 2015.
Yew, Elaine H. J., Esther Chng, and Henk G. Schmidt. "Is Learning In Problem-Based Learning Cumulative?". N.p., 2010. Print.
Yukhananov, Anna, “World Bank OKs $150 Mln to Help Jordan with Syria Refugees,” Reuters, July 18, 2013.
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Published
2019-07-01
How to Cite
Bataineh, A. (2019). The International Role in Mitigating the Syrian Crisis Impact on Education Quality in Jordan. Journal of Social Sciences (COES&Amp;RJ-JSS), 8(3), 434–455. https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2019.8.3.434.455
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