Self-efficacy of Androgynous and Sex-typed Employed and Unemployed Women
Keywords:
Gender-role perception, employment status, Androgynous, self-efficacyAbstract
The effect of gender-role perception and employment status on the self-efficacy of women is examined. The study adopted a 2 (androgynous and sex-typed) X 2 (employed and unemployed) factorial design. One hundred and twenty women participated in the study. The sample consists of 60 employed and 60 unemployed women. Both the groups of employed and unemployed women are categorized into androgynous and sex-typed on the basis of the median split of their scores on the measure of androgyny. The respondents of all the four groups are compared with respect to their level of perceived self-efficacy. The results indicate that androgynous women show better sense of efficacy compared to sex-typed women. The results further indicate that employed women have better sense of self-efficacy than unemployed women.
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References
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Sahoo, F. M. (1990). Sahoo Sex-role Inventory (SSRI), Unpublished report, Psychology Department, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.
Sahoo, F. M. (1997). The measure of domain-specific self-efficacy. Unpublished report, Psychology Department, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.
Schwarzer, R. (Ed.) (1981). Measurement of Perceived Self-efficacy. Berlin: Free University.
Stewart, A. S., & Malley, J. E. (in press). Role combination in women in the early adult years: Mitigating agency and communication. In F.
Crosby (Ed.), Spouse, parent, worker: On gender and multiple roles. New Haven, C: Yale University Press.
Stewart, A. S., & Salt, P. (1981). Life stress, life styles, depression and illness in adult women Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 1063-69.
Verbrugge, L. (1983). Multiple roles and physical health of women and men. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 24, 16-30.
Wegner, M. Schwarzer, R. & Jerusalem, M. (1981). Generalized self-efficacy. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.).Measurement of Perceived self-efficacy. Berlin: Free University.
Winefield, AH., Tiggemann, M. (1990). Employment status and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75: 455-459.
Bartley, M., Popay, J., & Plewis, I. (1992). Domestic conditions, paid employment and women’s experience of ill-health. Sociology of Health and Illness, 14: 313-343.
Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 31, 634-643.
Bem, S. L. (1975). Sex-role adaptability: One consequence of psychological androgyny. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 634-643.
Bem, S. L., & Lenny, E. (1976). Sex-typing and avoidance of cross-sex behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 48-54.
Blood, R.O. Jr.(1965). Long range causes and consequences of the employed married woman. Journal of the Marriage and Family, 27(1), 43-47.
Choi, N. (2004). Sex-role group differences in specific, academic and general self-efficacy. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, Vol. 138, 2, 149-159.
Donelson, E., Gullahorn, JE. (1977). Women: A psychological perspective. New York, John Wiley and Sons.
Lee, M. D., & Kanungo, R. N. (1984). Work and personal life coordination in a changing society. In M. D. Lee & R. N. Kanungo (Eds.), Management of work and personal life: Problems and oppurtunities, (pp. 1-9). New York: Praeger.
Mary, D., Good, G. (2005) .Women and mental health of cache. www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/mental.htm .
Messias, D. K. H., Im, E., Page, A., Regev, H., Spiers, J., Yoder, L., & Meleis, A. I. (1997).Defining and redefining work: Implications for women's health. Gender & Society, 11(3), 296-323.
Mueller, S.L., and Dato-On, M.C.(2007). Gender-role orientation as a determinant of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, Vol.13, No.1 (2008) 3-20.
Nieva, V. (1985). Work and family linkages. In L. Larwood, A. Stromberg & B. Gutek (Eds.), Women and work, (Vol. 3, PP. 162-191). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Ozer, E. M. (1992). Meaning work and family: The effect of child care on perceived self-efficacy and the psychological health of the new working mothers. Unpubished doctoral dissertation. Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
Park, J. (2000). The effect of multiple roles of South Korean married women professors: Role changes and the factors which influence potential role gratification and strain. A Journal of Research 2000. Vol. 43, Issues 7-8, 571-591.
Pietromonaco, P. R., Manis, J., & Frohardt-Lane, K. (1984). Psychological consequences of multiple social roles. Paper presented at the meeting of American Psychological Association, Toronto.
Rao, K. (2003). Coping and subjective wellbeing in women with multiple roles. International Journal of Social Psychiatry ,49(3):175-184.
Sadeghi, I. A., and Vasudeva, p. (2006). Self-efficacy and Self-esteem: A comparative study of employed and unemployed married women in Iran. The German Journal of Psychiatry, 9, 111-117.
Sahoo, F. M. (1990). Sahoo Sex-role Inventory (SSRI), Unpublished report, Psychology Department, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.
Sahoo, F. M. (1997). The measure of domain-specific self-efficacy. Unpublished report, Psychology Department, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.
Schwarzer, R. (Ed.) (1981). Measurement of Perceived Self-efficacy. Berlin: Free University.
Stewart, A. S., & Malley, J. E. (in press). Role combination in women in the early adult years: Mitigating agency and communication. In F.
Crosby (Ed.), Spouse, parent, worker: On gender and multiple roles. New Haven, C: Yale University Press.
Stewart, A. S., & Salt, P. (1981). Life stress, life styles, depression and illness in adult women Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 1063-69.
Verbrugge, L. (1983). Multiple roles and physical health of women and men. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 24, 16-30.
Wegner, M. Schwarzer, R. & Jerusalem, M. (1981). Generalized self-efficacy. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.).Measurement of Perceived self-efficacy. Berlin: Free University.
Winefield, AH., Tiggemann, M. (1990). Employment status and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75: 455-459.
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Published
2013-07-01
How to Cite
Rath, S., Bhubaneswar, B., Odisha, O., & Mishra, A. (2013). Self-efficacy of Androgynous and Sex-typed Employed and Unemployed Women. Journal of Social Sciences (COES&Amp;RJ-JSS), 2(3), 139–145. Retrieved from https://centreofexcellence.net/index.php/JSS/article/view/jss.2013.2.3.139.145
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